College of Arts and Sciences Administrated Programs

Latinx Studies is an interdisciplinary course of studies in literature, politics, history, culture, and society.  Students can pursue a primary course of study (a Planned Program) or take courses toward a minor to create a valuable supplement to any major whether in the humanities, sciences, or social sciences.

Public and Community Health

Public and community health programs focus on population health (e.g. the community, group, city level), instead of individual patient health. These programs build from the OU core curriculum and build knowledge and skills necessary for work public health, community health, and related fields. We want to understand what factors contribute to health, what factors contribute to injury or disease, prevent poor health outcomes, and promote healthy populations. Public health is a very broad field of study, incorporating many disciplines, to develop solutions to complex health issues (for example: access to healthcare, substance abuse, workplace injury, infectious disease outbreaks).

Planned Programs

The Planned Program options offer students the opportunity to design a degree program that meets their own unique needs and interests, particularly when their interests diverge from the pre-determined options offered by the University. Students in this major will work closely with an academic advisor in the development of their degree program and selection of appropriate courses for their concentration.

Master of Arts

Human & Health Services Administration, Master of Arts

The Human & Health Services Administration Master of Arts program addresses current issues and ethics in health care and provides students the opportunity to select a specific area for intensive study. This option is designed to accommodate students who are interested in furthering their preparation for advancement in the Human and Health Service Administration areas. The program provides a broad-based perspective of the health care and human service delivery systems, and is not designed to provide primary professional preparation. Students selecting this program must have a prior training and/or work history in an applicable area for job entry. This program is intended to serve as a mechanism for professional advancement by enhancing the student’s competency level and expanding their administrative knowledge base.

Integrative Studies, Master of Arts

The Integrative Studies Master of Arts provides graduates with the necessary knowledge and skills to make positive, well-informed, and immediate contributions in their careers and communities. Curricular tracks are available in in Archaeoastronomy and Astronomy in Culture, Diversity, and a Self-Design track for direct student research in clearly delineated areas of study.

Museum Studies, Master of Arts

Museum Studies is an option under the Integrative Studies, M.A. program. Museum Studies serves the career-development needs of individuals who work in museums and related institutions. Students initially trained in museum work and those entering the profession from other disciplines receive a focused, integrated approach to museum studies with practical application for the various dimensions of museum work. Students will learn from a variety of professionals and faculty members about museum responsibilities such as curatorship, exhibit management, fund raising, administration, education, conservation, and public relations.

Organizational Leadership, Master of Arts

The Organizational Leadership Master of Arts (MAOL) degree provides an applied approach to the study and practice of leadership. The MAOL program enables students to increase their ability to lead others and develop the skills needed to enhance the overall leadership capacity of the organizations where they work, consult, or serve. Students will expand their self-awareness, learn how to improve the performance of individuals, teams, and organizations, and gain knowledge about how to develop these vital leadership skills in others. The program is designed to meet the needs of working adults while maintaining a commitment to providing affordable, high-quality education and an enjoyable learning experience.

Master of Science

Applied Statistics, Master of Science

The objective of the graduate degree in Applied Statistics is to provide a pathway for students with diverse disciplinary interests to develop authoritative and practical expertise in applying statistical methods to analyzing data across disciplinary boundaries. Further, the program is designed for adult learners who may already be practicing professionals to increase their skills in applied statistics within various business and nonprofit contexts.

Criminal Justice, Master of Science

The Criminal Justice Master of Science program focuses on the practices and knowledge bases needed to be a successful in the criminal justice workforce. Students explore both the theoretical aspects of criminal justice and applied practices. Combining the knowledge of specific, work-related principles with the mind-set of a liberal education, allows students to approach new ideas, projects, and challenges by drawing upon multiple perspectives. Electives in the Criminal Justice program can be utilized to pursue specific areas of interest and to develop greater depth of expertise in particular areas of criminal justice study, such as leadership/administration, restorative justice, drug abuse policy & management, or corrections.

Graduate Certificates

Courses

CAS 1523. Gateway to Belonging at OU.3 Credit Hours.

This course teaches critical thinking skills and supports students in developing a true understanding of others, as well as a sense of belonging at OU and beyond. It offers students an opportunity to consider how they have formed their own beliefs and opinions and how they can interact with one another to gain the most from their college experience. (F, Sp, Su) [V-FYE].

CAS 1533. Global Perspectives.3 Credit Hours.

This course promotes an intercultural awareness that will allow students to interact more effectively with others. It will teach core cultural fluency competencies, including an understanding of different cultural norms and practices, cross-cultural communication, as well as critical thinking and problem-solving, drawing upon diverse experiences and perspectives. (F, Sp, Su) [V-FYE].

CAS 1543. Ethical and Intercultural Leadership.3 Credit Hours.

This course offers students an exploration of ethical and intercultural leadership through an interdisciplinary lens. Students will have an opportunity to practice ethical and moral decision-making and other competencies, skills, and attitudes that are beneficial for leading and facilitating intercultural groups in the campus and community environments. (F, Sp, Su) [V-FYE].

CAS 1553. Gateway to the Sciences.3 Credit Hours.

This course enriches the first-year experience. Students explore and discuss how various fields of science impact society and learn about their research methods. Students develop an awareness of the rich diversity of scientists and scientific disciplines. Students get to know faculty and advisors from various departments. Students are empowered through the development of foundational knowledge and skills. (F, Sp, Su)

CAS 1563. Gateway to the Social Sciences.3 Credit Hours.

This course enhances the first-year experience by cultivating a supportive student community that thrives on interactive learning. Participants will actively examine how diverse fields within the realm of social sciences influence society, and gain insights into their research methodologies. Students will also gain an understanding of the rich diversity of scientific disciplines within the social sciences. (F, Sp, Su) [V-FYE].

CAS 1573. Gateway to the Humanities.3 Credit Hours.

This course enhances the first-year experience by cultivating a supportive student community that thrives on interactive learning. Participants will actively examine how diverse fields within the realm of the Humanities influence society, and gain insights into their research methodologies. Students will also gain an understanding of the rich diversity of disciplines within the Humanities. (F, Sp, Su)

CAS 2091. Career Planning for Arts and Sciences Students.1 Credit Hour.

Assist students to determine personal career goals, explore career opportunities beyond graduation, develop a strategy for the job search process, and improve job search techniques as life-long resource tools. (F, Sp)

CAS 2970. Special Topics.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: May be repeated; Maximum credit nine hours. Special topics course for content not currently offered in regularly scheduled courses. May include library and/or laboratory research, and field projects. (Irreg.)

CAS 3002. Digital Scholarship Internship.2 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: junior standing or permission of instructor. Provides the opportunity to learn technological means of communicating academic information to the public. Such digital skills are increasingly necessary in a global job market. Students will reflect upon and integrate their practical experiences learning technological communication formats into their major, minor, or study abroad coursework, incorporating how the internship illuminates and augments a particular aspect of academic research. (F, Sp, Su)

CAS 3091. Career Planning for Arts and Sciences Students.1 Credit Hour.

Prerequisite: CAS major; must have completed 30 hours. Assist students to determine personal career goals, explore career opportunities beyond graduation, develop a strategy for the job search process, and improve job search techniques as life-long resource tools. (F, Sp)

CAS 3440. Mentored Research Experience.3 Credit Hours.

0 to 3 hours. Prerequisites: ENGL 1113 or equivalent, and permission of instructor. May be repeated; maximum credit 12 hours. For the inquisitive student to apply the scholarly processes of the discipline to a research or creative project under the mentorship of a faculty member. Student and instructor should complete an Undergraduate Research & Creative Projects (URCP) Mentoring Agreement and file it with the URCP office. Not for honors credit. (F, Sp, Su)

CAS 3900. Study Abroad.1-6 Credit Hours.

1-6 hours. Prerequisite: sophomore standing and completion of ENGL 1213, or permission of instructor. May be repeated; maximum credit 12 hours. Content/location varies. Enrollment in this course indicates that the student is participating in an OU study abroad program run by the College of Arts and Sciences, taught by OU faculty. They will study various cultural, historical, political, social, economic or linguistics issues relevant to understanding their study abroad environment in the specific country chosen and reflected in the course title. (Su)

CAS 3901. Arts and Sciences Co-Op Program.1 Credit Hour.

Prerequisite: concurrent participation in A&S Co-Op Program. Program allows students to work outside the university in a job related to the major. Enrollment in this course will be during a term in which a student is working full-time, with the cooperation of the employer, with the intent of returning to OU to continue with the degree requirements. Upon completion of the term's work, the student will write a paper describing their work experience and the relevance to their major. (F, Sp, Su)

CAS 3960. Honors Reading.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: Admission to Honors Program. May be repeated; maximum credit six hours. Consists of topics designated by the instructor in keeping with the student's major program. The topics will cover materials not usually presented in the regular courses. (F, Sp, Su)

CAS 3970. Honors Seminar.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: admission to Honors Program. May be repeated; maximum credit six hours. Subjects covered vary. Deals with concepts not usually treated in regular courses. (Irreg.)

CAS 3980. Honors Research.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: Admission to Honors Program. May be repeated; maximum credit six hours. Will provide an opportunity for the gifted Honors candidate to work at a special project in the student's field. (F, Sp, Su)

CAS 3990. Independent Study.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: permission of instructor and junior standing. May be repeated once with change of content. Independent study may be arranged to study a subject not available through regular course offerings. (F, Sp, Su)

CAS 4113. Life After OU: A Survival Course.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: senior standing. Introduces students to practical aspects of life after college. Includes interviewing; legal aspects of employment; money, banking and finances; insurance; mortgages; estate planning; and civic involvement. (Irreg.)

CAS 4630. CAS Internship.1-6 Credit Hours.

1 to 6 hours. Prerequisite: CAS major; must have completed at least 30 hours; permission of instructor. May be repeated; maximum credit six hours. Provides hands-on experience for students in chosen field of study. (F, Sp, Su)

CAS 4703. Multidisciplinary Capstone.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: senior standing and permission. Explores interdisciplinary topics through research, analysis, and writing. It will incorporate instruction in appropriate research methods, focus on contemporary issues from a global perspective, and prepare students to function as informed citizens in a democracy. Required readings will provide a common basis for discussion. (F, Sp) [V] .

CAS 4710. Entrepreneurship Internship.1-3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Student must have declared minor in enterprise studies. May be repeated for up to six hours credit. (F, Sp, Su)

CAS 4960. Directed Readings.1-4 Credit Hours.

1 to 4 hours. Prerequisite: good standing in University; permission of instructor and dean. May be repeated; maximum credit four hours. Designed for upper-division students who need opportunity to study a specific problem in greater depth than formal course content permits. (Irreg.)

CAS 4970. Special Topics/Seminar.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: Senior standing or permission of instructor. May be repeated; maximum credit nine hours. Special topics or seminar course for content not currently offered in regularly scheduled courses. May include library and/or laboratory research and field projects. (Irreg.)

CAS 4990. Independent Study.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: Senior standing and permission of instructor. May be repeated; maximum credit nine hours. Contracted independent study for a topic not currently offered in regularly scheduled courses. Independent study may include library and/or laboratory research and field projects. (Irreg.)

CAS 5003. Introduction to Grad Studies.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. Intensive seminar providing orientation to advanced interdisciplinary study, appreciation for standards of performance and scholarship appropriate to graduate study, development of skills necessary for success in academic research and writing in a graduate interdisciplinary program. (F, Sp, Su)

CAS 5013. Interdisciplinary Foundations.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. Selected readings designed to reinforce the interdisciplinary approach to graduate studies and to introduce the concept of paradigms as an organizing principle for understanding and interpreting information. (F, Sp, Su)

CAS 5043. Research Methods.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003 and CAS 5013; or permission of dean. Theories and techniques of research designed to prepare MLS students to carry out individual research on a topic within an interdisciplinary program of study. (F, Sp, Su)

CAS 5073. Quantitative Research Methods for Interdisciplinary Studies.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing, CAS 5003 and CAS 5013 or permission from graduate advisor. Introduction to descriptive and inferential statistics for quantitative research in interdisciplinary studies. Includes use of graphs, frequency distributions, probability, central tendency, dispersion, hypothesis testing, tests of mean differences, and correlation. (F, Sp, Su)

CAS 5083. Qualitative Research Methods in Interdisciplinary Studies.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003 and CAS 5013; or permission of dean. An inquiry designed to acquaint students with qualitative research methods in interdisciplinary study. By the end of the course, the student will be familiar with the most common methods and issues qualitative research. Students will learn how to design a study; how to recognize and address ethical issues; and how to analyze qualitative data. (F, Sp, Su)

CAS 5700. Advanced Topics in Interdisciplinary Studies.2-9 Credit Hours.

2 to 9 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing. Intensive research on a topic related to the student's program of study; variable topics. (F, Sp, Su)

CAS 5920. Internship.2-6 Credit Hours.

2 to 6 hours. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, CAS 5003, and permission of dean; May be repeated, maximum credit six hours. 450 hours of field experience directly related to study focus in the MA in Integrative Studies program (75 hours per credit hour of enrollment). Requirements include journal, reports, written summary, and comprehensive examination over these materials. (F, Sp, Su)

CAS 5940. Research Project.2-6 Credit Hours.

2 to 6 hours. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, CAS 5003, CAS 5013, and completion of first concentration core class; May be repeated, maximum credit six hours. Development of creative or applied research project related to MA in Integrative Studies study focus. The final form will vary according to topic and purpose of the project but must include a written component. Comprehensive examination over the research project is required. (F, Sp, Su)

CAS 5960. Directed Readings.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing and permission of department. May be repeated; maximum credit twelve hours. Directed readings and/or literature reviews under the direction of a faculty member. (F, Sp, Su)

CAS 5970. Special Topics/Seminar.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: Graduate standing or permission of instructor. May be repeated; maximum credit nine hours. Special topics or seminar course for content not currently offered in regularly scheduled courses. May include library and/or laboratory research and field projects. (Irreg.)

CAS 5990. Independent Study.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: Graduate standing and permission of instructor. May be repeated; maximum credit nine hours. Contracted independent study for a topic not currently offered in regularly scheduled courses. Independent study may include library and/or laboratory research and field projects. (Irreg.)

CRJU 5013. Introduction to Criminal Justice.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing. This course provides a comprehensive overview of the American criminal justice system. Students will examine the historical foundations and evolution of key institutions, policies, and practices. A critical lens will be applied to analyze how structural inequality has contributed to disparate outcomes for marginalized groups. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5063. Research Methods for Criminal Justice.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003 and CAS 5013; or permission of dean. Introduces students to conducting and evaluating scientific research of the criminal justice system. Research methods overview the basics of research methodologies, with a focus on measurement and data collection. Statistical analysis overviews basic statistical techniques for analysis of criminal justice data, with a focus on both descriptive and inferential statistics. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5073. Quantitative Research and Analysis.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing and CRJU 5063; or permission of academic advisor. This course is designed as an introduction to quantitative statistical methods and their application in criminology and criminal justice research. The course features an overview of the use and interpretation of descriptive, inferential, and predictive statistics. Basic regression and data analysis techniques are discussed, along with bivariate and multivariate techniques. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5083. Qualitative Research Methods in Criminal Justice.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing and CRJU 5063; or permission of academic advisor. This course is an introduction to the use of qualitative research methods and analysis in criminal justice research, including practical application of methods addressed in the course. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5113. Theoretical Foundations of Criminal Justice.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. Enhances students' understanding of criminal theory focusing on critical analysis of major theoretical perspectives in a social, historical and political context. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5133. Criminal Justice Policy Development.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. Students will learn how to measure policies against established standards of practice and case law, writing model policies to gain experience in the process, and evaluating policies to see if they actually work. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5153. Ethical Decision Making in Criminal Justice.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. Principles from the major ethical positions charted by Plato, Aristotle, Hume, Mill, Kant, and Rawls. Students will combine these principles with codes of practice and current case law, examine case vignettes and discuss the ethical components of each case. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5203. Victimology and Restorative Justice.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and CRJU 5113; or permission of dean. A survey of the evolving field of victimology from its preoccupation with the study of the victim as a co-active participant in crime to the reemergence of the victim as the focus of the criminal justice system and public policy. This course will also examine the corollary reemergence of the concept of restorative justice, which seeks to address the needs of victims, offenders, and the community. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5213. Mediation & Conflict Resolution for Criminal Justice Professionals.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and CRJU 5113; or permission of dean. An examination of practical strategies for managing and resolving conflicts in criminal justice professions. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5223. Community Corrections in the 21st Century.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and CRJU 5113; or permission of dean. Introduction to the topics of probation, parole, and other alternatives to incarceration, collectively referred to as Community Corrections. Emphasis will be placed on the role of research and program evaluation in determining policy/program effectiveness. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5263. Restorative Justice Programs for Drug Offenders.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and CRJU 5113; or permission of dean. An exploration of the restorative justice model focusing on how drug courts have implemented key principles of restorative justice programs to deter crime and improve public health. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5283. Human Trafficking and Prostitution.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing, CAD 5003 and CRJU 5113. This course will unpack the international debate on trafficking and prostitution by examining the intersections of contemporary social issues, gender bias, poverty, social hierarchies, and culture that perpetuate human trafficking. We will critique mainstream trafficking frameworks that often result in re-victimization of vulnerable people and explore feminist debates on sex work and competing policy approaches to regulating sex work. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5303. Correctional Leadership.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and CRJU 5113; or permission of dean. A review of leadership styles, core competencies demonstrated by effective correctional leaders, skills sets needed for each managerial level within corrections, and elements of leadership that effect the development of a collaborate and dynamic workforce. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5343. Mental Illness and the Criminal Justice System.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and CRJU 5113; or permission of dean. An examination of mental illness in the criminal justice system. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5353. Women and Crime.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003 and CRJU 5113; or permission of dean. Provides an in-depth examination of women and crime, particularly in the United States, from a sociological perspective, focusing on theoretical explanations, women as offenders, women as victims of crime, and societal responses to female crime. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5363. Penology.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003 and CRJU 5113; or permission of dean. An exploration of key issues and emerging themes in scholarship on penology and corrections. Specific attention will be devoted to the United States and the significant correctional issues that it faces including theories of punishment, the history of incarceration, the current state of corrections in the United States, international comparisons in prisons, as well as an investigation of the future of incarceration. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5403. Drug Enforcement Operations and Management.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and CRJU 5113; or permission of dean. This course will examine how criminal justice professionals administer and manage drug investigations. Administrative topics will include personnel issues, policy development, and budgeting. Operational management topics will include informant management, undercover operations, tactical operations, wire-intercepts, and money laundering investigations. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5413. Substance Abuse and Crime in the United States.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and CRJU 5113; or permission of dean. An examination of substance abuse trends in the United States. Topics include the interrelationship between substance abuse and dependency, substance abuse treatment and the criminal justice system, and the effectiveness of drug policies and programs. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5423. Global Drug Trafficking, Narco-Terrorism, and United States Drug Policy.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and CRJU 5113; or permission of dean. An examination of the global nature of drug supply and demand, organizations involved in drug trafficking and narco-terrorism, and the implementation of US drug policies at the local, state, and federal levels. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5463. Gangs in the United States.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003 and CRJU 5113; or permission of dean. Gang formation, risk factors for joining gangs, and the efficacy of different types of prevention, intervention and interdiction policies. The historical backgrounds of gangs, drugs, and violence in America, as well as current issues related to these subjects, will be explored. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5513. Studies in Police Leadership.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and CRJU 5113; or permission of dean. An exploration of the dynamics of leadership within the law enforcement context, including the history and evolution of police administration, general leadership theories, management best practices, as well as contemporary issues confronting the profession. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5533. Crime Analysis for Intelligence-Led Policing.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and CRJU 5113; or permission of dean. Introduction to crime analysis and the use of data to intelligently prevent and/or interdict crime. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5583. Cyber-Forensics.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and CRJU 5113; or permission of dean. An examination of the legal, ethical and technical aspects of cyber-forensics. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5700. Advanced Topics in Criminal Justice.2-9 Credit Hours.

2 to 9 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing. May be repeated with change of content; maximum credit 12 hours. Advanced studies in various criminal justice topics, offered under stated titles determined each semester by the instructor involved (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5920. Internship in Criminal Justice.2-6 Credit Hours.

2 to 6 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and permission of dean. May be repeated; maximum credit six hours. 2-6 hours. Field experience directly related to study focus in the Criminal Justice program. Requirements include some combination of journal, progress reports, written summary of experiences, or academic paper, and a possible comprehensive examination over these materials. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5953. Demonstration Project.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Criminal Justice Majors only and graduate standing. The Demonstration Project is meant to be the culmination of the MS program in Criminal Justice. It gives students an opportunity to demonstrate the skills they have developed in the program, providing a "final experience" that fits with their specific interests. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5960. Directed Readings in Criminal Justice.2-9 Credit Hours.

2 to 9 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and completion of first concentration course; or permission of dean. May be repeated with change of content; maximum credit 9 hours. In-depth study of literature on a topic related to the student's program of study; variable content. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5970. Special Topics/Seminar.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and completion of first concentration course; or permission of dean. May be repeated; maximum credit nine hours. Special topics or seminar course for content not currently offered in regularly scheduled courses. May include library and/or laboratory research and field projects. (Irreg.)

CRJU 5980. Research for Master's Thesis.2-9 Credit Hours.

2 to 9 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, CAS 5013, and completion of first concentration course; or permission of dean. May be repeated; maximum credit six hours. Research and writing of a thesis for completion of PACS graduate degrees. (F, Sp, Su)

CRJU 5990. Independent Study.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and completion of first concentration course; or permission of dean. May be repeated; maximum credit nine hours. Contracted independent study for a topic not currently offered in regularly scheduled courses. Independent study may include library and/or laboratory research and field projects. (Irreg.)

MST 5073. Technology for Museum Professionals.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate Standing. Introduction to the theory and application of information technologies within museums including hardware, software, and the application of technology to the work of museum professionals. (F, Sp)

MST 5083. Qualitative Research Methods.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate Standing. This course is designed to acquaint students with qualitative research methods in library, archives, and museum settings. By the end of the course, students will be familiar with the most common methods and issues in qualitative research. Students will learn how to design a study; how to recognize and address ethical issues; and how to analyze qualitative data. (Sp)

MST 5113. The World of a Museum.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. Baseline course introducing all aspects of museums and museum careers including history, structure, operations, and theoretical underpinnings. (F, Sp, Su)

MST 5133. The History and Architecture of Museums.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. The course explores the history of museums with special emphasis on the architectural development and the special facilities requirements of museums; it will look at the physical requirements in terms of museum missions, functions, collections, and operations. (F, Sp, Su)

MST 5143. Museum Studies Research Methods.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate Standing. Methods of investigating museum studies problems; use of evaluation in planning for continuous quality assessment and improvement of museum policies, processes, and procedures; developing original research designs; evaluating research studies in museum topics. (F, Su)

MST 5163. Museum Management and Leadership.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. In-depth study of the philosophy, policies, and practices of museum governance, including such topics as ethics, board development, institutional mission and organization. (F, Sp, Su)

MST 5173. Museums, Cultures, and Communities.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. The course will focus on the complex issues among museums, diverse populations, and other public factors such as public and education programs, fundraising, public relations, marketing, etc. (F, Sp, Su)

MST 5183. Collections Management.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. This course will consider the place of collections in the life of a museum; how collections mesh with the museum mission; collections policies and stewardship. It will relate theoretical ideas on collection development and maintenance to the actualities of museum situations. (F, Sp, Su)

MST 5190. Museum Project.2-4 Credit Hours.

2 to 4 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing and permission of dean. May be repeated with change of subject; maximum credit four hours. Students will develop a project in their home museum or organization under the direction of an OU faculty member with an on-site supervisor or can come to OU for a project at one of the OU museums or special collections. (F, Sp, Su)

MST 5203. Historic Preservation.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. Introduction to the field of historic preservation, including identification, documentation, and presentation of historic buildings, sites, and structures. (F, Sp, Su)

MST 5223. The House Museum.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. Examination of the house as a museum. Topics include identifying historical significance and architecture, conservation and interpretation, and developing community involvement. (F, Sp, Su)

MST 5243. The Small Museum.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. Introduction to the history and nature of small museums in the United States. Topics include cultural significance, administration, finance, funding, staffing, program/exhibition development, community involvement, and partnership building. (F, Sp, Su)

MST 5313. Museum Education.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003 and MST 5113; or permission of dean. Introduction to museum education, including object-based learning environments, and theory, an understanding of which fosters the development of effective motivating educational programs in museums. (F, Sp, Su)

MST 5333. Introduction to Museum Interpretation.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing; and CAS 5003 and MST 5113; or departmental permission. Introduces museum interpretation as a mode of communication to solicit informational experiences and inspire curiosity about a topic via media such as physical exhibits, educational programs, interactive designs, and virtual access. Given current demands for broader demographic inclusivity, the course also revisits conventional museum domains on who interprets what, with which sociocultural and ethnic background representing which segments of society. (F, Sp, Su)

MST 5403. Museums and Native Cultures.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003 and MST 5113; or permission of dean. Designed for students to understand the representational history of native cultures in museums and the dynamic collaboration between a museum and a culture to accomplish an authentic and respectful presentation today. (F, Sp, Su)

MST 5423. Controversy and the World of the Museum.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003 and MST 5113; or permission of dean. It is crucial that the museum professionals are acquainted with some of the most controversial exhibitions historically, as well as the ones from the 1990s along with an important discussion of the external legal, political, financial, and social forces that are crucial in influencing the course and the outcome of the examined cases. (F, Sp, Su)

MST 5443. Federal Laws and Museums.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. An examination of federal laws that impact decision-making for museum professionals. Course activities include the critique of museum collections and policies relating to federal laws such as the Archaeological Resources Protection Act, National Historic Preservation Act, Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act, Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), and The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act. (F, Sp)

MST 5700. Advanced Topics in Museum Studies.2-9 Credit Hours.

2 to 9 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003 and MST 5113; or permission of dean. May be repeated with a change of content; maximum credit 12 hours. Topics offered under this course number will include but not be limited to: education and public programs; legislation and museum policies; exhibitions; museum stores, volunteers, and associations. (F, Sp, Su)

MST 5763. Capstone.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing; Museum Studies majors. The capstone is the comprehensive, end of program course where students engage in a project that applies the knowledge and skills learned in the program to professional topics. Under the supervision of the course instructor, the student will select a topic and project design. Projects may include, for example, in-depth literature reviews, research studies, or exhibit designs. The course should (F, Sp)

MST 5920. Internship in Museum Studies.2-6 Credit Hours.

2 to 6 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and permission of dean. May be repeated; maximum credit six hours. 2-6 hours. Field experience directly related to study focus in the Museum Studies program. Requirements include some combination of journal, progress reports, written summary of experiences, or academic paper, and a possible comprehensive examination over these materials. (F, Sp, Su)

MST 5930. Research Project in Museum Studies.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, Museum Studies majors only, MST 5143 or MST 5083 or equivalent; may be repeated, maximum credit 3 hours. Research under faculty supervision. Development a research project related to Museum Studies. The final project requires a written report. (F, Sp, Su)

MST 5960. Directed Readings in Museum Studies.2-9 Credit Hours.

2 to 9 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and completion of first concentration course; or permission of dean. May be repeated with change of content; maximum credit 9 hours. In-depth study of literature on a topic related to the student's program of study; variable content. (F, Sp, Su)

MST 5970. Special Topics/Seminar.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and completion of first concentration course; or permission of dean. May be repeated; maximum credit nine hours. Special topics or seminar course for content not currently offered in regularly scheduled courses. May include library and/or laboratory research and field projects. (Irreg.)

MST 5980. Research for Master's Thesis.2-9 Credit Hours.

2 to 9 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, CAS 5013, and completion of first concentration core course; or permission of dean. May be repeated; maximum credit six hours. Research and writing of a thesis for completion of PACS graduate degrees. (F, Sp, Su)

MST 5990. Independent Study.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and completion of first concentration course; or permission of dean. May be repeated; maximum credit nine hours. Contracted independent study for a topic not currently offered in regularly scheduled courses. Independent study may include library and/or laboratory research and field projects. (Irreg.)

OL 5013. Interdisciplinary Foundations for Leadership.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing. An introduction to the concept of interdisciplinarity as an organizing principle for understanding and interpreting models, theories, and applications of leadership in a variety of organizational settings. Provides selected readings designed to reinforce the interdisciplinary approach to graduate studies in leadership. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5053. Research Methods in Organizations.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing. Theories, techniques, and application of research designed to prepare leadership students to understand and respond to applied research involving organizational leadership and organizational settings. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5113. Theories of Management and Leadership.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. This course explores and analyzes the concept of leadership including such topics as leadership theory, changing leadership roles, power, decision-making, empowerment, vision, communication, diversity, and ethics. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5133. Cultures of Organizations.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. The course looks at the meaning of organizational culture and its significance for leadership behavior, ways of thinking about organizations and the structure of organizations, the implications for leaders, and other relationships between organizations and aspects of leadership. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5153. Ethics in Leadership.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing. Students develop their leadership capacity by analyzing ethical considerations in global organizations. Students examine contemporary ethics cases, learning that many decisions fall into gray areas where the right answers may not be clear. By balancing the concepts of ethical reasoning with the organizational factors that influence ethical decision-making, students learn to make informed strategic decisions that affect global operations. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5173. The Individual and Leadership.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. This course explores the social, psychological, and behavioral characteristics of leadership, personal skills that enhance leadership ability, and strategies for dealing with interpersonal problems in organizations. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5193. Creating, Leading, and Managing Change.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing. An examination of effective leadership skills necessary to create and manage change in a variety of organizational settings. Topics include leadership styles in change management, organizational change strategies, models, and frameworks, and the potential barriers to change in organizations. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5203. Leadership Issues in Decision Making.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and OL 5113; or permission of dean. An interdisciplinary inquiry into the nature and attributes of rational and irrational decision making. Content will include research on how decisions must often be made with incomplete evidence, the use of cognitive psychology in decision making from a human intelligence perspective, and how decisions are made from a social and cultural process. Students will learn leadership decision making from individual, small group, and social environment contexts, as well as values of good decisions and the unintended consequences of poor decisions. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5223. Financial Leadership.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing. Introduces foundational accounting principles and financial concepts for non-financial managers. Topics include analysis of financial reports, communication of financial data to organizational leaders and stakeholders, and financial planning. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5243. Project Management.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003 and OL 5113; or permission of dean. An interdisciplinary inquiry to simulate as closely as possible the real-world experience of managing a project for a client; the client participates in the grading for the course. Topics include: project planning, project execution, project control, project communication, client relations, performance oriented design, collecting information in the field, current operations analysis, specifications for a proposed solution, devising and evaluating alternatives, and implementation. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5283. Building High Performance Teams.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing. Provides students with the knowledge needed to identify a group's current functioning and build the necessary conditions to create a high-performance team. Explores components of teams and examines the qualities of one who is capable of leading groups of people effectively. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5313. Organizational Communications.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003 and OL 5113; or permission of dean. An interdisciplinary inquiry in the role information and knowledge management play in making decisions in organizations, fundamental issues in the management of information, how people in organizations exchange information, and ultimately how effective sharing of information leads to effective problem solving. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5323. Fundraising and Budgeting.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing. Provides students with an overview of the history, philosophy, and ethics of fundraising and development. Students will learn about building relationships, goal setting, communication, and how to build strategic fundraising plans to support a non-profit organization's vision. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5333. Motivation in Work and Leadership.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. Exploration of personal and work motivation, including discussion of relevant theories and their application in leadership and the workplace. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5353. Non-Profit Governance.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing. Provides students with an overview of key issues involved in the governance of nonprofit organizations and the role of nonprofit boards. Major governance models are examined and implications of using the different models are discussed. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5393. Followership.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. Introduction to the follower and the dynamics that result from followership in various organizational settings. Topics include theories and definitions of followership, categorization of follower types, and discussion of how followers can be a positive influence against ineffective or bad leadership. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5403. Leadership in History.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. Analysis of leadership principles using prominent examples drawn from history to discern patterns and test categories and theoretical generalizations of leadership. Discussions aim to facilitate the understanding of leadership in different historical contexts. Consideration is given to success and failure, the relative importance of personality vs. circumstances, leadership characteristics and styles. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5423. Women in Leadership.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003 and OL 5113; or permission of dean. Exploration of women leaders and their influence on their respective societies, as well as contributions on a broader spectrum. Special attention is focused on how women leaders from different eras became change agents and what particular issues made them transformational leaders. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5443. Religious Leaders for Social Justice.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003 and OL 5113; or permission of dean. Focuses on the characteristics of leaders as individuals, and in particular as individuals of faith for causes pertaining to social justice. Explores individuals from the major faith traditions including Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, and Native American religion and investigates the ways in which faith and the particular constellation of life experiences and social situations have inspired leadership for the cause of social justice. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5463. US Military Leadership: Insights and Applications.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003 and OL 5113; or permission of dean. Studies leadership, both uniformed and civilian, in the United States military from 1775 to present within the context of the evolution of American military from a small 18th-century army and wooden ship-and-sail navy to the globe-dominating colossus of the late 20th-century. Includes the impact of technology, maturing military theory, and the changing position of the United States in the world that produced diverse leadership styles which are illustrated in the careers of military leaders such as George Washington, U.S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, David Farragut, John Pershing, Hap Arnold, George C. Marshall, and many others. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5483. National Security Leadership.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: graduate standing. Discussion of leadership within the environment of the U.S. national security system. Course addresses the legislation that created the current national security system and examines the structure of the national security community, how it has evolved, and how it operates in practice. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5553. Assessment-Based Coaching.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing. An examination of best practices for using assessment results to conduct data-driven leadership and executive coaching and to maximize coaching effectiveness. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5593. Development and Grant Writing.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing. An in-depth exploration of the grant attainment process, including practical exercises in proposal writing and the grant review process. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5700. Advanced Topics in Administrative Leadership.2-9 Credit Hours.

2 to 9 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing. May be repeated with change of content; maximum credit 12 hours. Advanced studies in various administrative leadership topics, offered under stated titles determined each semester by the instructor involved. Intensive research on a topic related to the student's program of study; variable topics. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5903. Experiential Leadership I.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing, CAS 5003 and OL 5113; departmental permission and permission from graduate advisor. The course equips students with skills critical to developing strategy and maximizing their impact in leadership roles, and develops advanced leadership tools including those designed to increase an organization's leadership capacity. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5913. Experiential Leadership II.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing, CAS 5003 and OL 5113; permission from graduate advisor. Corequisite: OL 5903. Students critique personal leadership skills, abilities, and strategies to build a productive team through effective planning, coaching, and decision making. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5920. Internship in Administrative Leadership.2-6 Credit Hours.

2 to 6 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and permission of dean. May be repeated; maximum credit six hours. 2-6 hours.Field experience directly related to study focus in the Administrative Leadership program. Requirements include some combination of journal, progress reports, written summary of experiences, or academic paper, and a possible comprehensive examination over these materials. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5953. Graduate Capstone in Organizational Leadership.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Graduate standing, CAS 5003, OL 5903, OL 5113 and departmental permission. Experiential application of leadership development skills, abilities, and strategies to enhance individual leadership performance, build productive teams and organizations through effective strategic planning, employee selection, succession planning, talent management, and training and development. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5960. Directed Readings in Administrative Leadership.2-9 Credit Hours.

2 to 9 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and completion of first concentration course; or permission of dean. May be repeated with change of content; maximum credit 9 hours. In-depth study of literature on a topic related to the student's program of study; variable content. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5970. Special Topics/Seminar.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and completion of first concentration course; or permission of dean. May be repeated; maximum credit nine hours. Special topics or seminar course for content not currently offered in regularly scheduled courses. May include library and/or laboratory research and field projects. (Irreg.)

OL 5980. Research for Master's Thesis.2-9 Credit Hours.

2 to 9 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, CAS 5013, and completion of first concentration course; or permission of dean. May be repeated; maximum credit six hours. Research and writing of a thesis for completion of PACS graduate degrees. (F, Sp, Su)

OL 5990. Independent Study.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: graduate standing, CAS 5003, and completion of first concentration course; or permission of dean. May be repeated; maximum credit nine hours. Contracted independent study for a topic not currently offered in regularly scheduled courses. Independent study may include library and/or laboratory research and field projects. (Irreg.)

PHCH 2013. Introduction to Public and Community Health.3 Credit Hours.

Introduction to fields of public and community health, including principles of population health, determinants of health, prevention of disease and disability, public health institutions and systems, essential health services, the US healthcare system, health policy, and the role of advocacy and politics in public health. (F, Sp)

PHCH 3113. Introduction to Epidemiology.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: ENGL 1213 or EXPO 1213; PHCH 2013 or concurrent enrollment. Principles of epidemiology, the systematic approach to collecting and evaluating information on distributions of health outcomes in populations; history of epidemiology, descriptive epidemiology, epidemiologic methods, association and causation, evidence-based public health and applications. (F)

PHCH 3213. Health Policy, Law, and Ethics.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: ENGL 1213 or EXPO 1213; PHCH 2013 or concurrent enrollment. Examines the legal and ethical dimensions of public health, preparing students to make informed, ethical decisions in arenas such as policy development, clinical care, research, environmental health, occupational health, resource allocation, and genetics. (Sp)

PHCH 3313. Health Data and Statistics.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: ENGL 1213 or EXPO 1213; PHCH 2013 or concurrent enrollment. Introduction to the basic concepts, methods, and tools of public health data collection, use, and analysis. Specific topics may include biostatistical and epidemiological methods, informatics, and the use, management, and dissemination of big data. (Sp)

PHCH 3413. Health Communication.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: ENGL 1213 or EXPO 1213; PHCH 2013 or concurrent enrollment. Explores key concepts and strategies of communication specific to public health, including risk communication, the use of mass media for health communication, and evaluation of public health communication effectiveness. (F)

PHCH 3513. Public Health & Healthcare Systems.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: ENGL 1213 or EXPO 1213; PHCH 2013 or concurrent enrollment. Designed to introduce students from multiple disciplines to the fundamental characteristics of health care systems; the organization, financing, and delivery of services in the US health care system; the role of prevention and other non-medical factors in population health outcomes; key management and policy issues in contemporary health systems; and the process of public policy development. (F, Sp)

PHCH 3613. Determinants of Health.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: ENGL 1213 or EXPO 1213; PHCH 2013 or concurrent enrollment. Explores key social determinants of health, including: socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, neighborhood environments, social relationships, and political economy. Mechanisms through which these factors are hypothesized to influence health, such as stress and access to health resources and constraints, will be discussed, as well as the ways in which these mechanisms can operate across the lifecourse. (F, Sp)

PHCH 3960. Honors Reading (HONORS).1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: Admission to Honors Program; May be repeated; maximum credit six hours. Consists of topics designated by the instructor in keeping with the student's major program. The topics will cover materials not usually presented in the regular courses. (F, Sp, Su)

PHCH 3980. Honors Research.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: admission to Honors Program. May be repeated; maximum credit six hours. Provides an opportunity for the gifted Honors candidate to work at a special project in the student's field. (F, Sp, Su)

PHCH 4013. Community Health Capstone.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: PHCH 2013, senior standing, and 9 additional hours of PHCH coursework. Integrates knowledge and skills developed in previous coursework to prepare students to become impactful community health practitioners. Students will work in groups to develop, implement, and evaluate a community health project. (Sp) [V].

PHCH 4103. Environmental Health.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Admission to BPH degree program or permission of instructor. The effects of environment on health. Consideration is given to urban water supply and wastewater disposal, air quality control, solid and hazardous wastes, and sanitation. No students may earn credit for both PHCH 4103 and OEH 5013. (Sp)

PHCH 4106. Cumulative and Experiential Public Health Activities.6 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Admission to BPH program. Provides students with opportunities to integrate, synthesize, and apply knowledge through cumulative and experiential activities. Students will complete a cumulative applied or scholarly experience that may include either (a) an internship with a local-level public health professional and/or agency or (b) a faculty- mentored research project. (F, Sp)

PHCH 4113. Public Health Capstone.3 Credit Hours.

Prerequisite: Admission to Bachelors of Public Health Program; senior standing. A specialized project-based culminating course for students accepted to the Bachelor's of Public Health program. Students will use knowledge and skills they have developed in their major to complete a project to address a specific public health issue. (Sp) [V].

PHCH 4960. Directed Readings.1-4 Credit Hours.

1 to 4 hours. Prerequisite: good standing in University; permission of instructor and dean. May be repeated; maximum credit four hours. Designed for upper-division students who need opportunity to study a specific problem in greater depth than formal course content permits. (Irreg.)

PHCH 4970. Special Topics/Seminar.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: Senior standing or permission of instructor. May be repeated; maximum credit nine hours. Special topics or seminar course for content not currently offered in regularly scheduled courses. May include library and/or laboratory research and field projects. (Irreg.)

PHCH 4990. Independent Study.1-3 Credit Hours.

1 to 3 hours. Prerequisite: three courses in general area to be studied, permission of instructor and department. May be repeated; maximum credit six hours. Contracted independent study for topic not currently offered in regularly scheduled courses. Independent study may include library and/or laboratory research and field projects. (F, Sp, Su)